Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991, beginning a period of socio-economic development and government decentralisation. From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto 'One Zambia, One Nation' coined by Kaunda. Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy, cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Angola, and Namibia. Kaunda's socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP) maintained power from 1964 until 1991. On 24 October 1964, Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president. For most of the colonial period, Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company. These were merged in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia. Following European explorers in the eighteenth century, the British colonised the region into the British protectorates of Barotseland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century. Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples, the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the north, the core economic hubs of the country. The capital city of Zambia is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of Zambia.

Its neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe and Botswana to the south, Namibia to the southwest, and Angola to the west. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa.

Zambia ( / ˈ z æ m b i ə, ˈ z ɑː m-/), officially the Republic of Zambia ( Bemba: Icalo ca Zambia Tonga: Cisi ca Zambia Tumbuka: Chalo cha Zambia Lozi: Naha ya Zambia Nyanja: Dziko la Zambia), is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa.

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